Hannah
Another theory that may help
describe Hannah’s situation, besides learned helplessness is attribution
theory. According to attribution theory, humans try to interpret the events
that occur based on past performances and social norms. In this case, Hannah
knows that the social norm of the class is that she is expected to complete the
problems on her own. She may have had past experiences where she has failed to
do so, or has only succeeded with help from the teacher. Attribution theory
involves a locus, which determines whether or not we are in control of our
situations. Hannah most likely believes that no matter how much effort she puts
forth, she will not be able to do the problem. Attribution theory also involves
stability. Hannah probably attributes failure to the stable cause, “the
problems will always be too hard for me to do on my own.” Attribution theory
also includes controllability. In Hannah’s case, she probably believes that her
failure is uncontrollable. Hannah probably has an entity view of ability, perceiving
it as stable and uncontrollable. Her efforts will never change her ability.
This negatively affects her motivation to learn.
The teacher could try to improve
this situation by first being aware of the teacher’s views of ability. The
teacher can also help to train Hannah to attribute her failure to the lack of
effort rather than her ability. She can provide short-term goals and strategies
to help Hannah reach those goals. Hannah’s teacher can also emphasize the value
of learning. All these techniques can increase motivation.
I like your application of attribution theory here. I think it definitely fits. She probably attributes the problems as being external, stable, and uncontrollable, all of which often kill motivation.
ReplyDeleteI'm curious to know more about what the teacher could do in this case. Being aware of his own beliefs is important, and trying to clarify factors that are in Hannah's control. How could the short term goals be structured? I agree with you that this could increase self efficacy. By providing very small short term goals (sit in the seat, then pick up a pencil, then take a look at the problem, etc) the success of each goal is positive feedback that will drive the person to feel more capable for the next step.