Social cognitive theory explores learning through observation. In a
learning situation, there are three main elements: the model, the imitator, and
the environment. The model is the individual or group displaying the
information or behavior. The imitator is the receiver of information, who is
hopefully learning. Often, a model is someone of high status who is relevant to
the issue, while an ideal imitator has interest in this individual, and is
perhaps of the same gender or enjoys the same things. Aspects such as
availability of information are encompassed in the environment. This theory
focuses on the role of the individual in learning. Self-efficacy, or believing
in the ability to succeed, plays a role, along with self-regulation and
motivation.
One thing that confused me a bit about this section is that is seems to
over-generalize learning. According to the social cognitive theory, does all
learning happen through observation? Is it possible to learn in other ways?
According to this theory, learning can be displayed in different
ways. Learning is mental, while outward
behavior may or may not chance accordingly. One application of this theory is
that teachers should model self-efficacy. This shows students that it is good
to believe in yourself and that they can achieve their goals.
Other people can affect learning in numerous ways. They can model good
behavior, explain information, or spark curiosity. On the other hand, people
can negatively impact learning by modeling undesirable behavior, discourage the
learner by teasing or otherwise, or distract from relevant material. Through
modeling, a wide variety of things can be learned, whether academic,
behavioral, or moral.
I think students are all unique and exhibit learning and different ways and steps. Though learning does take place through observation, some students take initiative and explore and discover their own education. Learning can incorporate all of the senses which reinforces what is being learned.
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